Bikin birki shine mafi mahimmancin aminci a cikin tsarin birki, wanda ke taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin ingancin tasirin birki, da kuma kyakkyawan birki mai kyau shine kariya ga mutane da motocin (jirgin sama).
Da farko, asalin birki na birki
A cikin 1897, herdertfrood ƙirƙira na farko birki na farko (ta amfani da zare na auduga kamar yadda aka sanya su a cikin keken doki da farkon Ferodopo aka kafa. Sannan a cikin 1909, kamfanin ya ƙirƙiri farkon farkon masanin asbestos na birki na tushen birki. A cikin 1968, an ƙirƙiri shingen na ruwa na duniya na farko, kuma tun daga lokacin, sun fara ci gaba zuwa ga asbestos-free. A gida kuma a ƙasashen waje sun fara yin nazarin zargin sauyawa iri ɗaya kamar fiber, fiteran gilashin gilashi da sauran aikace-aikace cikin kayan sihiri.
Na biyu, rarrabuwa na birki na birki
Akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu don rarrabe kayan birki. Daya ya rabu da amfani da cibiyoyi. Kamar kayan aikin mota, kayan birki da kayan birki da kayan birki. Hanyar rarrabuwa abu ne mai sauki kuma mai sauƙin fahimta. An rarrabu bisa nau'in kayan. Wannan hanyar rarrabuwa ita ce mafi ilimin kimiyya. Abubuwan rikon reran na zamani sun haɗa da rukuni guda uku masu zuwa: kayan birki na tushen, kayan rarar kayan birki, kayan kwalliya na kayan ado da kayan kwalliya na carbon.
Na uku, kayan motoci na motoci
1, nau'in kayan raye na mota gwargwadon kayan masana'antu ya bambanta. Ana iya rarrabe shi cikin takardar asbestos, Semi-karfe ko ƙaramin ƙarfe, Nao (asbastos kyauta kwayoyin) takardar.
1.1.asbestos takardar
Daga farkon, an yi amfani da Asbestos azaman kayan haɓaka don kayan kwalliyar birki, saboda yawan zafin rana, saboda haka zai iya biyan bukatun ƙyallen birki da gas. Wannan zaren yana da karfin iko mai ƙarfi, yana iya ma yin dace da karfe, kuma yana iya jure yanayin zafi na 316 ° C. More ne mai arha. An fitar da shi daga ambheolole ORE, wanda aka samo a adadi mai yawa a cikin ƙasashe da yawa. Abubuwan tashin hankali na Asbestos sun yi amfani da asbestos na ASBESSOSE, suna siliki sarai (3 umgo2go) a matsayin fiber. Fileler don daidaita kaddarorin da aka kara. An samo kayan aikin matrix wanda aka samu ta hanyar marin morfan mold.
Kafin 1970s. Asbestos nau'in zanen gado ana amfani dashi sosai a duniya. Kuma ya mamaye na dogon lokaci. Koyaya, saboda ƙarancin canja wurin zafin asbestos. Ba za a iya watsa zafi mai zafi da sauri ba. Zai sa ɓarna Layer Layer Layer na friction surfiken don yiuri. Karuwa kayan sa. Kafin nan. Ruwan kwandon shara na Asbestos na ASBESTSOSST ya tashi sama da 400 ℃. Ana rage dukiyar da aka lalata kuma suturar tana ƙaruwa sosai idan ta kai 550 ℃ ko fiye. An yi asarar ruwa mai yawa. Ingancin ya lalace gaba daya. Mafi mahimmanci. An tabbatar da adalci. Asbestos abu ne wanda yake da lalacewar gabobin jiki. 1989
1.2, Semi-Karfe
Wani sabon abu ne na kayan almara wanda aka haɓaka akan tushen kayan halitta da na gargajiya na gargajiya mai ƙarfafawa. Yana amfani da ɗimbin ƙarfe maimakon zaruruwa na asbestos. Wannan lamari ne mara tausayi wanda ba kamfanin Ba'amurke Bendis ya kirkira a farkon 1970s.
"Semi-karfe" matasan birki mai birki (Semi-hadewa) ana yin su da ulu mara nauyi a matsayin mai karawa na firam da cakuda mai mahimmanci. Asbestos da rashin birki na baka na birki da ba a sauƙaƙe daga bayyanar (kyawawan zaruruwa da barbashi ba), kuma suna da wasu kaddarorin magnetic.
Abubuwan da kayan fasahar maganganu na Semi-Metallic suna da waɗannan manyan halaye:
(l) ya tabbata a ƙasa da mafi yawan gogayya. Baya fitar da lalacewar da yake ciki. Kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali;
(2) kyakkyawan sa juriya. Rayuwar sabis tana sau 3-5 sau na kayan maganganu na asbestos;
(3) kyakkyawan tashin hankali a karkashin babban kaya da kuma tsayayyen ɓoyayyun abubuwa;
(4) Mai kyau da yake aiki mai kyau. Tsarin zafin jiki yana ƙarami. Musamman ya dace da karancin kayayyaki Disc;
(5) Karamin hayaniya.
Amurka, Turai, Japan da sauran ƙasashe sun fara inganta amfani da manyan yankuna a shekarun 1960. A wurin juriya na Semi-karfe ya fi 25% sama da na Asbestos takardar. A halin yanzu, ya mamaye matsayi mai zurfi a kasuwar birki a kasar Sin. Kuma mafi yawan motocin Amurka. Musamman motoci da fasinja da motocin kaya. Tsarin birki na karfe ya lissafta fiye da 80%.
Koyaya, samfurin yana kuma yana da waɗannan kasawa:
(L) Fiber mai sauƙi ga tsatsa, mai sauƙi a sanda ko lalata ma'aurata bayan tsatsa, da suturar ta ƙaru;
(2) Hightaukar ma'auni, wanda yake da sauƙi a sanya tsarin birki don samar da juriya a kan babban zazzabi, sakamakon shi da harshen tashin hankali da farogin karfe:
(3) Babban wuya zai lalata kayan dual, wanda ya haifar da rawar Chacker da karancin hayaniya;
(4) Babban yawa.
Kodayake "Semi-Karfe" ba shi da ƙananan kasawa, amma saboda kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali, ƙarancin farashi, har yanzu yana da kayan fa'ida don shinge na baka.
1.3. Fim nao
A farkon shekarun 1980, akwai nau'ikan fiber da aka karfafa asbessives-kyauta a cikin duniya, wannan shine ƙarni na uku na kwayoyin halittar asbestos-free Ors. Manufarta ita ce yin lahani na karfe fiber seeding Semi-metilics, fiber da aka yi amfani da shi akwai yadudduka, carbactir fiber da sauransu. Saboda aikace-aikacen da yawa na zaruruwa da yawa, da zaruruwa a cikin tsarin da ke tattare da juna a cikin aikin, kuma yana da sauki tsara tsarin birki da kyakkyawan aiki. Babban fa'idar takardar nao shine kula da ingantaccen birki mai kyau ko zazzabi mai zafi, rage hayaniya, kuma mika rayuwar sabis na diski, wanda ke wakiltar rajistar ci gaban yanayin yanzu. Abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su da duk shahararrun samfuran Benz / Pelodo Brand Pads ne na uku na direba, kuma ƙara rayuwar Direb ɗin BRECT.
1.4, Carbon Carbon
Carbon Carbon Carbon Komposite Spication abu wani abu ne tare da kayan carbon fiber karforreved carbon matrix. Abubuwan da kaddarorinta suna da kyau kwarai da gaske. Low sernity (karfe kawai); Matakin iya aiki. Yana da mafi yawan ƙarfin zafi fiye da kayan metallung na foda da ƙarfe; Babban zafi mai zafi; Babu nakasassu, Adshon Phenenon. Yin aiki zazzabi har zuwa 200 ℃; Kyakkyawan gogayya da kuma sanya aiki. Tsawon rayuwar sabis. Matsakaicin abu mai ƙarfi yana da tsayayye da matsakaici lokacin braking. An fara amfani da zanen carbon-carbon carbon a cikin jirgin sama na soja. Daga baya dabarun motoci 1 ne, wanda shine kawai aikace-aikace na kayan carbon carbon a cikin murfin rigunan mota.
Carbon Carbon Komawa Kayayyakin halittu abu ne na musamman da kwanciyar hankali, sa batun juriya, takamaiman karfi, takamaiman aiki da sauran halaye. Koyaya, carbon-carbon conposite contoms suma suna da waɗannan kasawa: ingantaccen inganci ne. An shafe shi sosai da zafi;
Matala rabuwa da iskar oxidation (abu mai ƙarfi yana faruwa sama da 50 ° C a cikin iska). Babban buƙatu don yanayin (bushe, mai tsabta); Yana da tsada sosai. Amfani yana iyakance ga filaye na musamman. Wannan kuma babban dalilin da yasa ke iyakance kayan carbon carbon suna da wahalar inganta.
1.5, yanki na yumɓu
A matsayin sabon samfuri a cikin kayan sihiri. Siffar Ceramic tana da fa'idodin wani amo babu wani amo, babu ash, Ash, babu lalata da rasuwar hub, kare hakkin muhalli da sauransu. An samo asali a cikin allunan birki da aka kirkira ta hanyar kamfanonin shinge Japan ta birki a cikin 1990s. A hankali ya zama sabon darling na kasuwar birki na birki.
Aikace wakilin yumbu tushen kayan halitta shine C / C-SIC Compositeseites, wato, fiber karfafa silicon carbide matrix c / sic pcoposites. Masu bincike daga Jami'ar Stuttgart da Cibiyar Binciken Bincike ta Jamusanci sun yi nazarin aikace-aikacen C / C-SIC Compeites a fagen gogewa, da kuma bunkasa pads na C / C-SIC Bruted pads a cikin motocin Porsche don amfani da motoci. Takaddun bincike na ƙasa na Oak tare da Cikakkun Kaya, Kiyayin Kasuwancin Kayan Kayan Handing C / SIC Honeywell
2, carbon yumɓo braket roƙon faffofin fa'idodi:
1, idan aka kwatanta da launin toka mai launin toka yana jefa pads na ƙarfe, nauyin carbon yashi a kusan kashi 60, kuma ba a dakatar da salla ba kusan kilo 23;
2, birki na birki mai ƙarfi yana da haɓaka sosai, saurin amsawar amsawa yana ƙaruwa da haɓakar ƙwayoyin birki;
3, da elongation na ruhu na carbon yumbu jeran daga 0.1% zuwa 0.3%, wanda shine babban darajar kayan yumɓu;
4, raunin yumɓu yana jin dadi sosai, zai iya samar da matsakaicin ƙarfin bering ɗin a farkon matakin braking, don haka ko da maɗaukaki yana da sauri kuma ya fi na tsarin fasahar gargajiya;
5, domin tsayayya da babban zafi, akwai rufin yuwama tsakanin murfin birki da linzami.
6, Discam birki Discarfin karkara ne, idan amfani na yau da kullun shine sauyawa na rayuwa, da kuma talakawa jefa diski na ƙarfe na ƙarfe an yi amfani da shi koyaushe don sauya shekaru don maye gurbin.
Lokacin Post: Satumba 08-2023